Ruby 1.8 has been the subject of several industry standards. Ruby 1.8 is only partially compatible with Ruby 1.9.
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Although deprecated, there is still code based on it. Ruby 1.8 was initially released August 2003, was stable for a long time, and was retired June 2013. In early 2002, the English-language ruby-talk mailing list was receiving more messages than the Japanese-language ruby-list, demonstrating Ruby's increasing popularity in the non-Japanese speaking world. In September 2000, the first English language book Programming Ruby was printed, which was later freely released to the public, further widening the adoption of Ruby amongst English speakers. īy 2000, Ruby was more popular than Python in Japan. It would be followed in the early 2000s by around 20 books on Ruby published in Japanese. In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby, The Object-oriented Scripting Language Ruby (オブジェクト指向スクリプト言語 Ruby), which was published in Japan in October 1999. In 1999, the first English language mailing list ruby-talk began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan.
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In 1998, the Ruby Application Archive was launched by Matsumoto, along with a simple English-language homepage for Ruby. In the same year, Matsumoto was hired by to work on Ruby as a full-time developer. In 1997, the first article about Ruby was published on the Web. Īfter the release of Ruby 0.95 in 1995, several stable versions of Ruby were released in these years: The release coincided with the launch of the Japanese-language ruby-list mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language.Īlready present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including object-oriented design, classes with inheritance, mixins, iterators, closures, exception handling and garbage collection. Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days. The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic newsgroups on December 21, 1995. Matsumoto later noted a factor in choosing the name "Ruby" –it was the birthstone of one of his colleagues. Matsumoto chose the latter in a later e-mail to Ishitsuka. Initially two names were proposed: " Coral" and " Ruby". The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 24, 1993, before any code had been written for the language. Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple Lisp language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by higher-order functions, and practical utility like that of Perl. As a language maniac and OO fan for 15 years, I really wanted a genuine object-oriented, easy-to-use scripting language. But I didn't like it, because I didn't think it was a true object-oriented language – OO features appeared to be add-on to the language. The object-oriented language seemed very promising. I knew Perl (Perl4, not Perl5), but I didn't like it really, because it had the smell of a toy language (it still has). I was talking with my colleague about the possibility of an object-oriented scripting language. In a 1999 post to the ruby-talk mailing list, he describes some of his early ideas about the language: Matsumoto has said that Ruby was conceived in 1993. Main article: History of Ruby Early concept According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, BASIC, Java, and Lisp.
It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Ruby is dynamically typed and uses garbage collection and just-in-time compilation. It was developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. In Ruby, everything is an object, including primitive data types. It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language which supports multiple programming paradigms. Ruby MRI, TruffleRuby, YARV, Rubinius, MagLev, JRuby, MacRuby, RubyMotion, Mruby, IronRubyĪda, Basic, C++, CLU, Dylan, Įiffel, Lisp, Lua, Perl, Python, Smalltalk Ĭlojure, CoffeeScript, Crystal, D, Elixir, Groovy, Julia, Mirah, Nu, Ring, Rust, Swift
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