Sometimes a single monk would engage in all of these stages to prepare a manuscript. In the copying process, there was typically a division of labor among the monks who readied the parchment for copying by smoothing and chalking the surface, those who ruled the parchment and copied the text, and those who illuminated the text. Monks copied Jerome's Latin Vulgate Bible and the commentaries and letters of early Church Fathers for missionary purposes as well as for use within the monastery. When monastic institutions arose in the early 6th century (the first European monastic writing dates from 517), they defined European literary culture and selectively preserved the literary history of the West. The functional outset This late 15th-century miniature of Jean Miélot (died 1472) depicts the author at work writing his compilation of the ''Miracles of Our Lady'', one of his many popular works.
However, lay scribes and illuminators from outside the monastery also assisted the clerical scribes. Scriptorium ( / s k r ɪ p ˈ t ɔːr i ə m/ ( listen)), literally "a place for writing", is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European monasteries devoted to the writing, copying and illuminating of manuscripts commonly handled by monastic scribes. 3, probably representing the library of the Dukes of Burgundy. Room in medieval European monasteries for writing Miniature of Vincent of Beauvais writing in a manuscript of the Speculum Historiale in French, Bruges, c.
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